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Wednesday, 30 August 2023

Lakshman by Toru Dutt

 

                                                       Lakshman by Toru Dutt


 

"Hark! (Listen) Lakshman! Hark, again that cry!

It is, — it is my husband's voice!

Oh hasten, ( hurry) to his succour (help) fly,

No more hast thou, dear friend, a choice.

He calls on thee, perhaps his foes (enemy)

Environ (Surrounding) him on all sides round,

That wail, (cry) — it means death's final throes!

Why standest (stand) thou, as magic-bound? (inaction)

 

"Is this a time for thought, — oh gird (build up)

Thy bright sword on, and take thy bow!

He heeds (pay attention) not, hears not any word,

Evil hangs over us, I know!

Swift in decision, prompt in deed,

Brave unto rashness, (Carelessness) can this be,

The man to whom all looked at need?

Is it my brother that I see!

 

"Oh no, and I must run alone,

For further here I cannot stay;

Art thou transformed to blind dumb stone!

Wherefore this impious, (sinful) strange delay!

That cry, — that cry, — it seems to ring

Still in my ears, — I cannot bear

Suspense; if help we fail to bring

His death at least we both can share"

 

"Oh calm thyself, Videhan Queen, (Ancient kingdom Mithila - Sita)

No cause is there for any fear,

Hast (hurry) thou his prowess (skill) never seen?

Wipe off (clear) for shame that dastard tear!

What being of demonian (devil) birth

Could ever brave his mighty arm?

Is there a creature on earth

That dares to work our hero harm?

 

"The lion and the grisly (fearful) bear

Cower (shiver) when they see his royal look,

Sun-staring (ability to gaze) eagles of the air

His glance (look quickly) of anger cannot brook, (tolerate)

Pythons (anaconda) and cobras at his tread (walk)

To their most secret coverts (change) glide, (slip/roll)

Bowed to the dust (acknowledging that person’s superiority) each serpent head

Erect (straight) before in hooded (having) pride.

 

"Rakshasas, Danavs, demons, ghosts,

Acknowledge in their hearts his might, (recognize that person’s superpower)

And slink (move smoothly) to their remotest coasts, (distant places)

In terror at his very sight. (Afraid of that person)

Evil to him! Oh, fear it not,

Whatever foes (enemy) against him rise!

Banish (exile) for aye (truly) the foolish thought, (doubting the person’s power)

And be thyself, — bold, great, and wise.

 

"He call for help! Canst (can) thou believe

He like a child would shriek (roar) for aid

Or pray for respite (rest) or reprieve (pardon) —

Not of such metal (Gold) is he made! (brave/ strong character)

Delusive (false) was that piercing (sharp) cry, —

Some trick of magic by the foe;

He has a work, — he cannot die,

Beseech me not from hence to go.

 

For here beside thee, as a guard

'Twas (it was) he commanded me to stay,

And dangers with my life to ward (area)

If they should come across thy way.

Send me not hence, for in this wood

Bands (group) scattered (separate) of the giants lurk, (hide)

Who on their wrongs (errors) and vengeance (revenge) brood, (young)

And wait the hour their will to work."

 

"Oh shame! and canst (can) thou make my weal (happiness or property)

A plea (appel) for lingering! (surviving) Now I know

What thou art, Lakshman! And I feel

Far better were an open foe. (enemy)

Art thou a coward? (weak) I have seen

Thy bearing (relation) in the battle-fray (wear out)

Where flew the death-fraught arrows (dead arrows) keen, (sharp)

Else had I judged thee so today.

 

"But then thy leader stood beside!

Dazzles (glare) the cloud when shines the sun,

Reft (ruined) of his radiance, (brightness) see it glide (Move smoothly)

A shapeless mass of vapours (smoke) dun; (Brownish)

So of thy courage, — or if not,

The matter is far darker dyed, (wash)

What makes thee loth (against) to leave this spot?

Is there a motive thou wouldst (might) hide?

 

"He perishes (die)— well, let him die!

His wife henceforth  (after this) shall be mine own!

Can that thought deep imbedded  (fix) lie

Within thy heart's most secret zone!

Search well and see! one brother takes

His kingdom, — one would take his wife!

A fair partition! — But it makes

Me shudder, (tremble) and abhor (hate) my life.

 

"Art thou in secret league (join) with those

Who from his hope the kingdom rent?

A spy from his ignoble (unworthy) foes (enemy)

To track him in his banishment? (exile)

And wouldst thou at his death rejoice?

I know thou wouldst, or sure ere now

When first thou heardst that well known voice

Thou shouldst have run to aid, I trow.

 

"Learn this, — whatever comes may come,

But I shall not survive my Love,

Of all my thoughts here is the sum!

Witness it gods in heaven above.

If fire can burn, or water drown,

I follow him: — choose what thou wilt 

Truth with its everlasting crown, (enduring reward of fidelity and sincerity.)

Or falsehood, treachery, (betrayal), and guilt.

 

"Remain here with a vain (useless) pretense

Of shielding (protect) me from wrong and shame,

Or go and die in his defence

And leave behind a noble name.

Choose what thou wilt, — I urge no more,

My pathway lies before me clear,

I did not know thy mind before,

I know thee now, — and have no fear."

 

She said and proudly from him turned, —

Was this the gentle Sita? No.

Flames from her eyes shot forth and burned,

The tears therein had ceased (end) to flow.

"Hear me, O Queen, ere (Prior) I depart,

No longer can I bear thy words,

They lacerate (injure) my inmost heart

And torture me, like poisoned swords.

 

"Have I deserved this at thine hand?

Of lifelong loyalty and truth

Is this the meed? (reward) I understand

Thy feelings, Sita, and in sooth (truth)

I blame thee not, — but thou mightst be

Less rash in judgement, Look! I go,

Little I care what comes to me

Wert thou but safe, — God keep thee so!

 

"In going hence I disregard

The plainest orders of my chief,

A deed for me, — a soldier, — hard

And deeply painful, but thy grief

And language, wild and wrong, allow

No other course. Mine be the crime,

And mine alone. — but oh, do thou

Think better of me from this time.

 

"Here with an arrow, lo, I trace

A magic circle ere I leave,

No evil thing within this space

May come to harm thee or to grieve. (sorrow)

Step not, for aught, across the line,

Whatever thou mayst see or hear,

So shalt thou balk (resist) the bad design

Of every enemy I fear.

 

"And now farewell! What thou hast (hurry) said,

Though it has broken quite my heart,

So that I wish I were dead —

I would before, O Queen, we part,

Freely forgive, for well I know

That grief and fear have made thee wild,

We part as friends, — is it not so?"

And speaking thus he sadly smiled.

 

"And oh ye sylvan (pastoral) gods that dwell (live)

Among these dim (dull) and sombre (dark) shades,

Whose voices in the breezes swell (grow)

And blend with noises of cascades, (waterfalls)

Watch over Sita, whom alone

I leave, and keep her safe from harm,

Till we return unto our own,

I and my brother, arm in arm.

 

"For though ill omens round us rise

And frighten her dear heart, I feel

That he is safe. Beneath the skies

His equal is not, — and his heel

Shall tread all adversaries down,

Whoeve'r they may chance to be.

Farewell, O Sita! Blessings crown (positive outcomes and prosperity will surround Sita)

And peace for ever rest with thee!"

 

He said, and straight his weapons took

His bow and arrows pointed keen,

Kind, — nay, indulgent, (liberal) — was his look,

No trace of anger, there was seen,

Only a sorrow dark, that seemed

To deepen his resolve to dare

All dangers. Hoarse the vulture screamed, (cried)

As out he strode (walk) with dauntless (fearless) air.


Emotional Depth: The poem delves into the conflicting emotions of Lakshman. On the one hand, he has deep love and admiration for his brother Rama, and he is willing to go to any lengths to serve and protect him. On the other hand, he also harbors love and concern for Sita, Rama's wife, whom he has to leave in the forest as part of their exile. This emotional conflict forms the heart of the poem.

Sacrifice and Loyalty: The poem showcases Lakshman's unwavering loyalty and selflessness. He willingly gives up his comfort and desires to accompany his brother and sister-in-law in their exile. His sacrifice highlights his sense of duty and devotion.

Imagery and Nature: Toru Dutt employs vivid imagery from nature to depict Lakshman's emotions. The serene beauty of the forest, the moonlit nights, and the tranquil river serve as a backdrop to the emotional turmoil within Lakshman's heart.

Cultural and Mythological Context: The poem is deeply rooted in the Indian cultural and mythological context. It draws from the Ramayana, one of the most significant epics in Hindu literature. Lakshman's character embodies principles of duty, honor, and familial bonds.

In conclusion, "Lakshman" by Toru Dutt is a poignant exploration of the inner conflict and sacrifice of Lakshman, portraying his devotion to his brother Rama and the emotional struggle he faces in fulfilling his duty. The poem's emotional depth, use of natural imagery, and connection to Indian mythology make it a timeless piece of literature.

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