Audio Visual Aide: Building blocks to a Rich vocabulary

      Audio- Visual Aids: Building Blocks to a Rich Vocabulary.

- Vocabulary as an element that links all the four skills, LSRW especially listening and speaking.

- Stimulating learners and reinforcing learning through audio visual resource.

- Movies a gateway for vocabulary building.

            Language is very important for human life. Language is not natural but it is artificial. Language has a very important social purpose, because it is mainly used for communication. But in communication the Vocabulary plays an important part in second language acquisition and academic achievement.

            Audiovisual aids is an important for vocabulary. Audio visual aids are also called "Instructional material". Audio literally means " hearing" and "visual" means that which is found by seeing. So all such aids which endeavor to make the knowledge clear to us through our sense are called " Audio Visual Aides" or instructional material, All these learning material make the learning material make the learning situations as real as possible and give us firsthand knowledge  through the organs of hearing and seeing. Therefore any device which can be used to make the learning experience more concrete and effective more realistic and dynamic can be considered audio visual material. Audiovisual aids examples are LCD project, Film projector, TV, Computer, VCD Player, Virtual classroom, Multimedia etc.

           Four skills Listing, Speaking, Reading and Writing ( LSRW ) are also plays vital role to enhance vocabulary. They give learners scaffolded support, opportunities to create contexts in which to use the language for exchanges of real information evidence of their own ability and most important is confidence.

  " Words are a vehicle to transmit information to the Brain".

many people consider that watching films in English as a good way to broaden vocabulary. Movies use natural language and like our day to day language so they are a great way to improve your English vocabulary. Because film gives a visual context.

  How can four skills be used together effectively?

          The four skills work in tandem when the activities that require their use are designed to support.

          

         The focal skill approach the goal of the focal skill approach is studying in the SL ( second language) in order to acquire it.

Advantages :-

 1. There is substantial research promoting the use of video in the classroom as a dynamic resource for supporting curricula. According to a recent teacher survey 94% of classroom teachers have effectively used video during the course of the last academic year.

2. As educator  the aim is to get students energized and engaged in the hands on learning process and video is clearly an instructional medium that is compelling and generates a much greater amount of interest and enjoyment than the more traditional printed material.

3. Visual aids arouse the interest of learner and help the teachers to explain the concepts easily visual aids are those instructional aids which are used in the classroom to encourage students learning process. 

Social struggle through the binoculars of parallel cinema in the light of movie by Satyjit Ray and Shayam Benegal

Social Struggle through the binoculars of Parallel Cinema in the light of movie by Satyjit Ray and Shyam Benegal

Parallel Cinema is a film movement in Indian cinema that originated in the state of west Bengal, in the 1950s an alternative to the mainstream commercial Indian cinema. It is known as“ Art cinema” and social centriC films. 

Parallel cinema addressing various issues in which one is social setup, and feudal system. Feudal system is known as a social movement in 50 to 60, in parallel cinema. Two important and well known personalities named Satyjit Ray and Shayam Benegal worked on it, through their movie. Example

of movies that Shayam Benegal's movie- Ankur, Nishant, Manthan, and Bhumika. And Satyjit Ray's The Apu'strilogy. ( Pathar Panchali, Aparajito, Apur Sansar) 

In Ankur movie the problems of landlord, Dalit, landlord decried very well through two characters named Laxmi and Surya. 

So, this type of eye opener movie shows the problems of exploitation, class and cast problems, poverty, struggling for existence, landlord and worker's problems and unemployment. 

Richard Philips and Rob Mackie also gave the good review for Trilogy that how Ray explained Apu's world with freshness and vitality with simple style and it's depiction of three generation of poor Bengaly family and their struggle. So, movie used very well because it is a big mass medium of the society.

Social movement and Parallel cinema in India

                                    Parallel cinema in India

           Topic - social movement and parallel cinema in India.

              Parallel cinema is a film movement in Indian cinema that originated in the state of West Bengal, in the 1950s an alternative to the mainstream commercial Indian cinema. It is known as " Art cinema" and social centric films.

             

              Parallel cinema addressing various issues like exploitation, class and class conflicts, poverty, landlord and workers problem, unemployment etc. In which one is social setup, and feudal system. Feudal system is  came in 50 to 60 in parallel cinema. In which Shayam Bengal is well known figure. He made many good movies. Movie Ankur and Nishant both are best.                 

            

             Ankur means the seeding and indeed this film was a seed to the parallel movement in films that ran in 70's and 80's. It 's a wonderful depiction of the reality which existed then and even today in some remote parts of in which we find.

         

           Nishant is also based on zamindari. It shows the feudalism in India, and exploitation of villagers.

            

         So this kind of problems we also find in contemporary movies like Khosla ka Ghosla directed by Dibakar Banerjee in 2006 and Peepli live directed by Mahmood Farooqui and Anusha Rizvi in the year 2010. In the movie khosla ka  Ghosla shows that how middle class man tires half heartedly to get his land back from a swimding property dealar. And in peepli live the problem of farmers related with land and farmer's threat to end his life.

         

     So, this kind of eye opener movies shows the problems of  middle class , but in which how political party, Government, and in contemporary time businessman played their role.Many movement also based on it.

        

Train and River as Metaphors in Parallel Cinema

           Train and River as Metaphors in Parallel Cinema

Indian Cinema is a very huge. In this many variation are there Like Parallel Cinema. Parallel Cinema is a one movement in 1945 to 1990 in India. In the year 70 to 80 Hindi cinema much influenced of parallel cinema. Satayajit Ray is one of the greatest in 20th century cinema movement in India. His Apu trilogy was a milestone in Indian cinema.

Parallel Cinema is different from main stream cinema because main stream cinema made for commercial perspective and parallel cinema made only for artistic view, based on realistic , showcases social awareness and they can't attract audience and gave new ideology. Not like “ MASALAKIND OF FILM” and not have more commercial aspects.

Many good actors came in Parallel cinema for like Sabanaa Azami, Nasrudin Shah , Rachana Pathak , Supriya , Smita Patil , Om Puri , Amrish Puri, Girish Karnad etc.

But the concept of parallel cinema is still difficult to understand, because many commercial films also gave artistic and realistic films also and some time commercial aspects can't differentiate from parallel cinema. Some people said that parallel cinema is like offbeat but always it can't.

Some examples of well known directors of parallel cinema like Anurag Kasayap, Bassu Bhattachary, Shekhar Suman, Gulzar, Rushikesh Mukharji, Anurag Bhatiya , Nana Pulisikar, V. Santaram, Mahesh Bhatt etc. They don't used heavy tretment but work on motif, subject and object,because it is based on elementry. This type of parellal cinema don't achieved good production cost also and this types of films worked on out of formulla and used some special treatment.

Examples of parellal movies like Khamoshi, Anand, Jagte Raho, Machis, Pyasa, Saheb bibi aur Gulam, Pather Panchali, Do bigha Jamin, Bandini, Achanak etc.

Movie made with the used of several technique, treatment and metaphors and gave the real charm. In many movies Train and River used as a metaphors. Because Train in India are not just transport medium, but the soul and heart of India. People emotionally attached with Train with the help of Train film. Maker pre- owned the various forest, cultures, long rail road, beauty, journey, life and death of people. For ex- Sholay, Swades, Dost, Burning train, Name sake, Gadar, Parineeta, Jab we met etc.

“ Railway Fan” . Train exhibit in different concept like love story, commute is important, some political and social problems like Bomb blast, during the partition time train play vital role, accident in Namesake this is the main concept with it. Many songs also popular related with train like “ Mere sapnoki rani” , “ Gadi bula rahi hai”, “ Chaiya chaya” etc. Because Bollywood and Indian Railways are two major unifying forces. And some name also came from the train name for ex- Life in metro etc.Train demonstrate the struggling life of people and society.

River, In India we have many rivers because we have good heritage also. People warship's river as a Mother. The name of India also came from the river Indus. In cinema river main-ally used for display natural view, beauty, Romanticism, culture and good location, It show the emotion, devotional used for purity and as a divine perspective.

Ex- movie like Abhiman, Mohenjo Daro in this movie sindhu river described and connect history with it very well. Khusbu by Gulzar, Pakiza by Kamal Amrohi, Ganga Jamna Sarsvati, Heena description of satalaj river, film Satayam , shivam, sundaram and Aparajito by Satayjit Ray in it he described the Banaras, Varansi and the Gangaghats. River reflect the village culture also.But rare movie prove the realistic situation of river like a big problems of pollution. So movie reveal history and cultures very well.

“ Cinema is a matter of what's in the frame and what's out”

                                                                 - Martin Scorsese 

  

Analysis of a Bollywood Hindi song " Aashiyan "

   Analysis of a Bollywood Hindi Song " Aashiyan"

  

     Song - Itti Si Hansi - Aashiyan

        Singer - Nikhil Paul George , Shreya Ghoshal

       Musician - Pritam Chakraborty
       Lyricist - Swanand Kirkire
       Movie - Barfi ( 2012 )
       Star cast - Ranbir Kapoor, Priyanka

                            Lyrics of Aashiyan

                                                     इत्ती सी हंस
                                                    इत्ती सी ख़ुशी
                                              इत्ता सा टुकड़ा चाँद का
                                                ख़्वाबों के, तिनकों से
                                                चल बनाएँ आशियाँ

                                                    दबे दबे पाँव से
                                               आये हौले हौले ज़िन्दगी
                                                 होंठों पे कुण्डी चढ़ा के
                                               हम ताले लगा के चल
                                           गुमसुम तराने चुपके-चुपके गायें
                                                आधी-आधी बाँट लें
                                              आजा दिल की ये ज़मीं
                                              थोड़ा सा तेरा सा होगा
                                                थोड़ा मेरा भी होगा
                                                 अपना ये आशियाँ

                                                 ना हो चार दीवारें
                                               फिर भी झरोखें खुले
                                                बादलों के हो परदे
                                              शाखें हरी, पंखा झलें
                                                ना हो कोई तकरारें
                                             अरे मस्ती, ठहाके चलें
                                               प्यार के सिक्कों से
                                              महीने का खर्चा चले
                                                दबे दबे पाँव से...
                                                     
                             Analysis
                    
                       In the very first stanza we fine that, poet wants to something like that " Itti si Hansi , Itti si Khushi" and " Tukda Chand Ka". So how is it possible to achive " Chand ka Tukda " means moon ? It is illusion. Dreams are good but here poet wants to make beautiful house with " Khawabon ke Tinko Se ". So here figurative language used.

                       In the second stanza, poet again used his imagination and exaggeration. He explain that happines came like " chupke  Chupke" and used mixtuer of metaphore like " Dil ki Zameen" means House, and in this lines " Hoton pe Kundi Chadhake, Hum Tale laga ke " here lock is also used as metaphore.

                     In the next stanza, in this lines " Naaho Char deewarein , Phir bhi Jharokhe Khule ", so this is pure imagination without wall how house can be imagine . And " Baadalo Ke Ho Parde , Shaakhein Hair , Pankha Jhale "  in this some artificiality used. Some Paradoxical language also used like " Pyar ke Sikkon se Mahine Ka Kharcha Chale " so Pyar ( Love ) and Sikkon ( Rupees ) how both objective compare ?  It is denotative meninges of song.

     Problems in understanding the lyrics 

1) How it can be possible that to make or built home with the help of " Hasi ,Khusi , and Khabone ke Tinko se ?  It is Impossible.

2) How we can use Lock (Tala) for silent?

3) Land dose not Heart.

4)  Some impossible words also find that " Badal Ke Ho Parde" , " Pyar Ke Sinkone Se Mahine Ka  Kharcha Chale".

               Many Visual images also find.

      Intention of Poet   

              When we read as a emotive way, at that time we find that it is very simple. It is about making house means Aashiyana . And house built up as per poets imagination, without any problems and social elements. So one meninig we can also assum that lover wants to beginning new and beautiful life with her beloved, with full of enjoyments. But poet not explain in simple way but he used paradoxical language, metaphor , personification, objects used co-related and it gave good positive sense also. 

Popular Fiction in The Light of Paulo Coelho's "The Alchemist" and "Eleven Minutes"

                                     

                 

             Popular Fiction in The Light of Paulo Coelho’s

                  “ The Alchemist” and “Eleven Minutes”

                                  

                                  Megha Trivedi

                            

                             ( Second Year B.A.)

            

              Nandkunvarba Mahila College, Bhavnagar

“The Alchemist” and “Eleven Minutes” have now become an important contribution to the field of popular fiction. But one should ask a question that what makes these two fictions ‘Popular fiction’, the straight answer would be they encompass in them certain traits of popular fiction like, wide spread appeal, large readership, use of simple and lucid language, use of popular and interesting topics, less ambiguity of plot and many more. It is often argued the popular fiction are not concerned with the serious aspects of life and they aimed at entertainment rather than message or moral but when we read novels of Paulo Coelho we learn that they offer us a message, teach us something vital about life and at the same time they entertain us.

But the novels talks about journey: from inexperience to experience, from the world without to the world within, from one place to another in search of dreams. Paulo Coelho himself says that he tries to share with his readers his inner experiences and basically his spiritual quest. He doesn’t have to explain about the universe but he wants to share. Through these novels Paulo Coelho suggests that even if everything that we want is near us, we should move forward patiently to find the ultimate truth. The reasons for popular fictions or literature being considered as inferior would be the bias which people hold for about popular fictions in general. The critics have not tried to find anything from the works belonging to the field. Now the time has come when we need to change our attitude towards popular fictions as they are widely read.

This paper therefore attempts to look into the impact of both these novels by focusing on the genre popular fiction as they have occupied an important place in the wide perspective of world literature. 

Popular literature is the literature which is available to the masses and has widespread appeal. The purpose of popular literature is to inform and entertain the general public. It also caters to the taste of the people of a particular time and covers the variety of public interest and deals with simple, compelling and popular topics. Such literature encompasses fundamentally simple emotional and intellectual content in a basic mythological structure.Unlike serious and intellectual literature, popular literature appeals to the people of a particular period. It transmutes archetypes into the literary coin of a particular time and place and provides a good index to views widely shared within a society during the period of popularity.

Generally, the term popular literature signifies literature immediately popular, widely read and quickly forgotten. It does not appeal the whole society but the appeal is often to segments within society that shares and has common interest. In nineteenth and twentieth centuries such segments have become large enough to provide the incentive of lucrative markets. We can see the rise of adventure story, detective story, fantasy, campus novel, popular romance, science fiction that stretches the simple emotional content and their framework is suitable to the interest of the intended audience. This sort of literature targets an immediate audience. The works that fall under this genre are often unsophisticated in the way they handle essential material. When they are well written and challenge the conventions of genre, they sometimes rise to a more general and longer lasting popularity.

Why are some popular fiction also rated as ' great literature'? Because piece of fiction is produced not just once, but time and again for each succeeding generation and that it is ' read ' differently by different generations and that each making it's own sense of the text for its purposes. Second these text are constantly re-produced in other ways for examples book Alchemist is translated in Gujarati language , and sometime turned into films, TV plays , radio dramas etc.

Some Novel, movie became popular because they believe or known or know to be popular, who have such a heightened sense of market demand and 'taste' that they must know what they are ' creating' is in fact, a product. So one characteristics of ' popular' fiction must be that it's relationship to the market, it's place in the socio- economic relation of production is place in the socio-economic relation of production, is different from that of ' Non- popular fiction'.

To write about popular fictions is to write about history. Popular fiction then need to be read and analyzed not as some kind of sugar coated sociology, but as narratives which negotiate no less than the classic texts, the connection between ' writs, history and ideology'.

The Alchemist

Paulo coelho's The Alchemist is a book of philosophic interest. As said in subtitle, it is novel that encapsulates the ways to follow one's dream without giving up. The mystery plays an important role in the novel but does not lead one to believe that the criteria and philosophies which are presented are to become successful because the exactness of mystery is under question and presents no ideal way to success. The mystery is possible only when one has strong faith in his dream and works hard to realize his dreams.

If we have the courage to disinter our dreams, we are then confronted by the second obstacle: love. We realise and know that what we want to do but we are afraid of hurting and abandoning those who are around us to peruse our dream. We fail to realise that love is just a further impetus which will not prevent us going forwards. We are not even able to realise that our dear ones' love inspires us to fulfil our dream.

Once we have accepted that love is a stimulus, we come up against third obstacle: the fear of defeats we will have to face on the path. Any one, who fights and works harad for the realisation of their drem, suffers far more when their dream to materialise their dream does not work. So we have the fear of defeats and failure. But we have to keep patience in difficult times and should realise that when we want something the whole universe conspires in our favour, even though we don't know how.

This reminds us of Walt Whitman who says in Song of Myself:

“ Failing to fetch me at first, keep encouraged. Missing me at first place, search another. I stop somewhere, waiting for you.”

Success always awaits us, what we need to do is that we should keep patience and should trust ourselves.

The novel The Alchemist tells the tale of Santiago, a shepherd boy who has a dream and courage to follow it. He , on his way to materialise his dream, confronts all the obstacles. Santiago, in spite of the obstacles, does not leave his dream and works hard to realise his dream. On his way to realise his dream Santiago overcomes all the impediments which come in the form of family, love and his own self. First he confronts his family and love and when he succeeds to deal with these two hurdles, he finds his own self standing between him and his destination. Many times in the novel we find that he decides to give up the journey which he has undertaken in search of treasure because he becomes afraid of the defeats and the pains, he is likely to face on the path. But he conquers all the difficulties and after listening to ' the sings ' ventures in his personal Ulysses like journey of exploration and self-discovery, symbolically searching for a hidden treasure located near the Pyramids in Egypt.

Dreams, symbols, sings, and adventure follow readers like echoes of ancient wise voice in the ' The Alchemist ' . In the novel we find that an atmosphere of medievel mysticism and the songs of desert are combined. With this symbolic masterpiece Coelho states that we should not avoid our destines, and urges us to follow our dreams because to find our ' Personal Myth ' and our mission on Earth is the way to find ' God ' , meaning happiness, fulfilment, and ultimate purpose of creation.

Eleven Minutes

Sex has been one of the main preoccupation of the writers around the world. Not only the modern but the writers of ancient age also have written on the Subject. Writers from all parts of the world, from Greece to Japan, from Japan to Egypt have written about sex. The thousands of books have published on the subject and yet we have very little understanding about it. Sex is indispensable part of human life which neither men nor women can deny but when it comes to sexuality, we do not have courage to tell the truth about what we feel. Men lack the courage to say to women: teach me about your body. And women, likewise, never say to men: learn about me and my body. We are still with the primitive survival instinct of the species, with the fake freedom of being able to speak openly about the subject at any restaurant table, only to discover within the four walls of a room that we are frightened, fragile, insecure animal. What should be the reason why we fall short of the other person's expectations? Not only that, we are not even able express our expectations so far as sex is concerned. We forger that sex is the manifestation of a spiritual energy called love. It is very difficult to this realisation practic, but we must try.

The first thing to remember is during the sexual act there two opposing states working alonside each other: relaxation and tension. The problem arises

is that how can we reconcile these two states? Very simple, stop being afraid of making mistakes. If we embark on the search for pleasure wholeheartedly, we gradually feel the body becoming tense as the string of an archer's bow, while the mind relaxes like the arrow preparing itself to be released. The brain is no longer in control of the process, which is guided instead by the heart. And the heart uses all the five senses to reveal itself to the other person: touch, smell, sight, hearing, taste are all involved, just are in experiences of religious ecstasy. It is strange that, in most sexual encounters, people uses only touch and sight, and by doing so diminish that sense of plenitude.

If we give ourselves entirely, we will break through any mental block our partner may have, however impenetrable, because the act of giving ourselves means: ' we trust our partner '.At that moment the real sexual energy comes into play and that energy exists not only in those areas we term the erogenous zones, but also it spreads throughout the whole body into every hair and every pore. Every millimetre is now emanating a different light, one that is recognise and absorbed by the other body.

But the fact is that none these can be learned from a book, which can only share with the reader the author's own experience or views. Sex means, above all having courage to experience our own paradoxes, own individuality, our willingness to surrender ourselves. This might be the reason, which inspired Paulo Coelho to write Eleven Minutes, in order to find out if, at this stage in his life, at 55 years of age, does he has the courage to learn everything that life has tried to teach him on the subject: sex.

Eleven Minutes does not set out to be a manual or a treatise about a man and a women confronted by the unknown world of sexual relationship. It is an analysis of writers own trajectory, without passing judgement on his own experience. Paulo Coelho himself is of the opinion that it took him a long time to learn that the coming together of two bodies is more than just a response to certain physical stimuli or to the survival instinct of the species. The truth is that it carries with it all the cultural baggage of mankind and humanity.

Paulo Coelho in Eleven Minutes writes about the sacred side of sex. He was inspired by the life of Brazilian Prostitute living in Switzerland. During his visit to Geneva in 2000, Coelho met a women who had worked in various clubs under the alias Maria. It was after hearing is story and the story of several other young women that coelho decided it would be an excellent way to approach a subject in which he had a long – standing interest. He explains: “ To write about the sacred side of sex, it was necessary to understand why it had been so profaned”

All these question underpin Eleven Minutes which tells the tale of Maria, a navie young woman from Brazil who becomes a high-class prostitute in Switzerland. ( The title of the book refers to the hypothetical average duration for an act of coitus.) And while Coelho comes down firmly in the end for the reality of a holy carnality,the path he takes to that affirmation acknowlwdges completely the snares and labyrinths awaiting any explorer of the fusion of body and soul. Paulo Coelho in Eleven Minutes sensitively explores the sacred nature of sex and love and invites to confront our own prejudices and demons. He also invites us to embarace our own ' inner light '. In this novel Coelho has nicely differentiated sex from sex in the context of love.

The novel opens with a striking: “ Once upon a time, there was a prostitute called Maria”. But as the novel progresses Coelho feels the immediate need to break the fourth wall and address the reader about the propriety of propriety of yoking and connecting fairy- tale beginnings with the subject matter of profane love. In this novel Paulo Coelho emerges as a writer with an extra literary reputation, as a guru and New age spokesperson, in the grand manner of Khalil Gibran.

None of the characters other than Maria and, to some extent, Ralf ( who, in light of his parallel worldly successes and troubles with wives, may be an avatar of Coelho himself ) , is any deeper than his functionality demands. For instance, Maria's best friend in Geneva is a female librarian known as “ the librarian ''. Her main role is to deliver a lecture on clitoral orgasms. Likewise, Coelho sketches in the settings just enough to serve as backdropes to Maria's quest.

“ Although my aim is to understand love, and although I suffer to think of the people to whom I gave my heart, I see that those who touched my heart, failed to arouse my body, and those who aroused my body failed to touch my heart”. ( Maria, Eleven Minutes , Page no – 16 )

“ When you want something, whole universe conspires in helping you to achieve it ''. ( The Alchemist , Page no – 38 )

The above lines from the present two novels shows that how he can think two different ways. The previous one is about sex; about sex in the context of love. Here he talks about realistic aspects of life and dissatisfaction of human to what they have and quest for what they don't have. The later one shows the effect of Magic Realism. The lines show his absolute faith in dreams which for many people are just something we should not trust ( the dreams are unrealistic ) but in the work The Alchemist he has shown his faith in dream and not only that he has made the reader dream and follow dreams. He justifies his contradiction in the following lines,

“ Some books make us dream, other us back to reality, but there is no getting away from what is most important to an author: being honest in what one writes ''.

The Alchemist and Eleven Minutes are in different manner. They differ in style as well as in content but the protagonists struggle to realize their dreams and themselves in both the novels are identical.

The Alchemist and Eleven Minutes are now has become an important contributation to the field of popular fiction. But one should ask a question that what makes these two fictions ' Popular fiction ' , the strait answer would be they encompass in them certain trites of popular fiction like, wide spread appeal , large readership, use of simple and lucid language, use of popular and interesting topics, less ambiguity of plot and many more. It is often argued the popular fiction are not concerned with the serious aspects of life and they aimed at entertainment rather than message or moral but when we read the novels of

Paulo Coelho we learn that they offer us a message, teach us something vital about life and at same time they entertain us.

Both the novels talks about journey: from inexperience to experience, from the world without to the world within, from one place to another in search of dreams. Paulo Coelho himself says that he tries to share with readers his inner experience and basically spiritual quest. He doesn't have to explain about the universe but he wants to share. Through these novels Paulo Coelho suggests that even if everything that we want is near us but we should go forward to find that because there are no shortcuts.

The thing which made Coelho and books popular world is that he always tries to be straightforward without being superficial. He writes about the topics which interest him, not just things that others might want to tead about. He says that the readers are intelligent people. If the readers feel that there is something which is repeated in his books, they will stop reading them. He himself is always surprised by what he writes, and that he says gives life to his books and makes his books popular worldwide.

References

1. Coelho, Paulo. The Alchemist. Trans R. Clarke. New Delhi: HarperCollins publisher India. 1998.

2. Coelho, Paulo. Eleven Minutes. Margaret Jull Costa. New Delhi: HarperCollins publisher India. 2003.

3. Coelho, Paulo. Hell Archives. trans. Margaret Jull Costa. London: 1982.

4. Humm, Peter, paul stigant and peter Widdowson. ed. Popular fictions, Essays in Literature and History, London and New York: Methun. 1986.

5. Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass and Other Writings. ed. Michael Moon. New York: Yew York University press. 1965.

What we need today is practical education.

                                        What we need today is practical education.

Education is the important part in journey of our life. Education is the road of bright future and good life; it gives you a better lime and understanding about the life. That's why today everyone wants to pursue quality education. In today world there are two aspect of education: practical and theoretical education.

Practical Education:-

Practical education means gain knowledge with practical experience. This education is mostly follow by the students. For me practical knowledge is the best way to gain knowledge. The best part of practical knowledge is whatever we learn through practical way this knowledge will remain in our brain for a long period. Practical knowledge enjoy by the student because this is actual way of learning. In practical education we learn the facts in interesting manner which is the best part of the learning if you enjoy your then you never be born and feel nervous of your education. Many of us think that practical of knowledge is useful or benefit only in computer or management courses. But this thinking is completely wrong. Practical knowledge easily fit in any course because if you are well educated but you have no vast experience and practical knowledge in your filed you have no get good job because of vast experience and practical knowledge is most important matter in our life. Today our education system needs a practical approach, there for they are emphasis on practical knowledge or education in every course. Practical knowledge can give the best exposure of learn to student or those who want to learn practically sound students have a great chance in future to get a decent job in any filed. If you ask successful they will definitely tell they are in the favor of practical education. The scope of practical knowledge is very wide.

For example: education of science and psychology students study with the help of practical ideas. Example for science students is doing many experiments on their study that's why students of science, Psychology and Engineering get their study easily. So, same way we follow the idea into learning English language. We can improve our English language with the help of practical knowledge. We start speaking English read the English newspaper, and start to communicate in English, so the practical education is the important in all the fields.

Practical knowledge helps you acquire the specific techniques that become the tools of your trade. It sits much closer to your actual day to day work. There are some things you can only learn through doing and experiencing. Where theory is often thought in the ideal of vacuum the practical is learned through reality of life. Practical knowledge can often lead to a deeper understanding of a concept through the act of doing and personal experience.

Reading a text book surely gives you knowledge and gives a good mark. You learn, you write in exams, you forget and the cycle continues. But if the same topic is the taught through a practical demonstration, it is etched in the mind. But through our current system of education with all books and no practical knowledge the spirit to know more is crushed and it simply becomes a matter of scoring in examination. Only a curious mind has the capability to learn and apply the knowledge in a constructive way.

Conclusion;-

So today, practical education is the most important need in education. Practical knowledge gives you a good knowledge and become a practical. In your filed and subjects as well as it will give you a guarantee of your bright future.

Utopia

                                                         Utopia

In art, we can see the reflection of different cultures as well as societies. If you want to find creativity, satisfaction and happiness, the single best solution I know is adding more art to your life.


For thousands of years human beings have dream t of a perfect world, a world free of conflict, hunger and unhappiness. But can these words ever exist in reality? In 1516 Sir Thomas More wrote ' Utopia'. He coined the word 'Utopia' from the Greek, meaning ' No place' or ' No where' but this was a pun. The almost identical Greek word ' Topos' means a good place so, utopia can be defined as an ideal or perfect place or state, or any visionary system of political or social excellence. In short, ' Utopia' means perfection.


In literature, utopia is a word which is use to showcase idealism. Sometimes in actual world, our dreams and desires don't get fulfilled and as a result we as human beings start living in the imaginative world which is a much more happier state to be in.

                                          “ Reality is sad”


We always fancy utopia, because everything is infallible for example - “ Tarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chasma” is one kind of utopia, because everything is faultless and ideal. That is the reason why imagination is mightier than reality. An Utopian society also provides freedom for all.



                               “ The world of reality has its limits;

                             the world of imagination is boundless.”

                                                                                       - Jean Rousseau

Importance of Art in our life

                                     Importance of Art in our life

India is considered to be a melting pot of cultures. On 26th January, 2015, I saw a wonderful cultural programme of New Delhi. It was a programme

full of beautiful themes representing each state of our country. I felt extremely proud about the fact that our country is perhaps the only country which has maintained such unity in diversity. On that day, a thought came across my mind that how art can make us feel blessed.

There are two types of art (1) Art for art sake (2) Art for life sake. Art for art sake means to do something artistic without any commercial purpose. It is done for one's own satisfaction. For example, a painter makes painting for his/her satisfaction and not for commercial purposes. On the other hand, art for life sake means to do something artistic focusing on commercial purposes. For example, Charles Dickens, a popular novelist who wrote to earn money.

There are many types of arts like dancing, singing, painting, teaching, music, film making etc.

“ Vision is the art of seeing what is invisible to others.”

                                                        - Jonathan Swift


Art is what makes life much more meaningful and beautiful to live. Art provides us with a sense of relief in our mundane life. We achieve aesthetic pleasure in art.

Art allows us to be free and feel liberated in the world is full of hypocrisy and showmanship. Even in education art/s should be made compulsory so that we don't cease to be humans in this modern machinic world.

I would like to end by quoting Albert Einstein.

                    “ Imagination is more important than knowledge.”