Tughlaq

                                                              Tughlaq

                        The play “ Tughlaq” is written by Girish Karnad. He is an Indian English writer. He is also a playwright of “ Yayati” and “ Hayavadana”. He is an actor, and director also. First he wrote in Kanada then he translated into English. His plays present the Indian social – cultural, historical, philosophical and political issues.

              The play “ Tughlaq” is second play ,which is written in 1964. This play talks about the life of Sultan Muhammad bin- Tughlaq. He was the rular of Delhi in the 14th century. He was a visionary and idealist as well as crafty political figure. Sultan had both the quality good and evil. In present play the sultan also has made announcement to shift his capital from Delhi to Daulatabad. We find the dual personality of sulatan.

             Many other characters are also there and we find the main concept are like Patricide and fratricide, ' Divine and rule', crafty intrigue, male- practice, and politics. At the end people called him that he was “ Mad king”. Because at some lavel people can't understand him.

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

                                                Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde


             “ The Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” by the famous Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson. He has written one science fiction which shows the reality of human life and present the concept of ' Spilt personality '. This story represents a concept in Victorian culture.

             This is scientific novella. A man has dual personality within inside. In this novel Dr. Jekyll is rich, good, well – known and civilized person, but his inner personality which is evil. So the concept of dual personality we find in the character of Dr. Jekyll. “ Each coin has two sides”, So he invented a liquid which separated his personality but physically he is one. So he made Mr. Hyde and through this personality he did his evil works and as civilized he known as Dr. Jekyll.

           In Freudian theory the thought and desires banished to the unconscious mind motivate the behavior of the conscious mind. It also explains the Christian concept of evil hiding in the light,

                                       “ Civilized V/s Savager”

                               “ Man is not truly one but truly two”

         Mary Shally's novel “ Frankenstein” it is also one scientific fiction,it is as same as “ The strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde”. In Frankenstein the protagonist Victor Frankenstein wants to discover a man. Who is evil and he makes it he collects the parts of dead body and after collecting he invented The Monster. So , the theme am Appearance v/s Reality we can find.

         To sum up, one can say that in Jekyll's view every soul contains elements of both good and evil, but one is always dominant. Here the Jekyll's good side is dominant at the starting but he knows there is evil inside him. So , man have both the qualities positive as well as negative.

Moby dick

                                                           Moby dick

                     The novel “Moby dick” is written by Herman Melvill. He was an American writer. Ahab is the protagonist and the captain of the ship named “ Pequod”. It is a whaling ship which goes for a huge voyage to hunt whales at the beginning of the novel. Which is destroyed by a white whale at the end of the novel.

                     “ Moby dick” is a maritime story of a whale hunt, representing American spirit of restlessness and adventure. The novel is much more than just heroic story. Ishmael is the narrator of the novel and the ship. In this novel Capitan Ahab wants to kill the white whale, and this white whale is Moby dick. Ahab is eager to kill Moby dick because once he tried to kill Moby dick attacked on Ahab and snatched his one leg. So Ahab takes revenge to kill Moby dick. Ishmael is a narrator he is only one who survive till the end of the novel. So , in this novel we can find the Moby dick ( White whale ) used as an archetypal symbol. And we find at the end that Ahab lost his life because of his ego and revenge.

                     So, we find the two journey , one is voyage it is outer journey and another is in the mind of Ishmael. And nature win at the end.

All my sons

                                                   All my sons

              The play “ All my sons” is written by Arthur Millar. It is a tragedy. Joe Keller is the protagonist of this play. Joe Keller presents 21st century American problems. As he can be called the representation of American society. It is set during second world war. This story deals with the confusion between family and country.

                    All Miller's play are concerned with social issues. The theme of All my sons is the importance of a man's social responsibility. A man genrally tends to think of his own interest and of his family's intrest, and he does so without paying any attention to the effects of his action on the other peole. Every man seeks his own material intersts and monetary intersest of his family. Here in this play Joe Keller and his partnar Steve Deever had a contract for the manufactuer and supply of aeroplane cylinder heads. Once it so happenend that one particular batch of cylinder heads produced by their factory developed cracks. But at that time he thought that if these defective cylinder not sold, so the factory would suffer a huge financial loss. So he decided not to withold them. And these defective cylinder heads prove risky to the air pilots, but he had no realized the enormity of the risk involved. And 21 pilots were killed before the defect in the aircraft was discoverd.

                   At that time Joe Keller passed whole blame to Steve Deever, and Steve was sentenced to a long imprisonment. His wife and society knows the reality of Joe. But at that time Joe was able to save his life with his trick. So, here we can find the idea of “ American dream” that like character of Joe Keller, how he became greedy and selfish, and he became responsible for the death of 21 pilots of American air force at the time of second world war was going on and when every single pilot's life was precious. At the end Joe Kellar realized that Chris was his son, the other pilots who had been fighting in the war for their country were also his sons. So, at the title it self suggest the main theme of this play.